Ensemble Forecasts; Ensemble Data Assimilation; Weak-Constraint 4D-Var; Numerical Weather Prediction; Dynamical Core; Earth System Model; Model Uncertainty; Stochastic Parametrization

Ensemble Forecasts; Ensemble Data Assimilation; Weak-Constraint 4D-Var; Numerical Weather Prediction; Dynamical Core; Earth System Model; Model Uncertainty; Stochastic Parametrization

Stochastic representations of model uncertainties at ECMWF: state of the art and future vision

Members in ensemble forecasts differ due to the representations of initial uncertainties and model uncertainties. The inclusion of stochastic schemes to represent model …

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